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Bastau is a Methodology and Big Data Spatial Visualization Technology (Platform) for Multinational Corporations and Government Entities.

Object of Copyright: «Multifunctional model of process management in the system of state bodies, holdings and consortiums «Bastau» (a work of Science), Certificate of State registration of rights to the copyright object No. 1073 dated July 26, 2013, issued by the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Vitaliy Alexandrov.

Vitaliy Alexandrov is a Kazakh diplomat, journalist, and inventor.

REFERENCES

In partnership with the National Endowment for Prosperity in Society Public Fund, Kazakhstan

Academic expertise: Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor Aisultan Kalybayev, Dr. Iftekhar Ahmed Chowdhury, Dr. Bolat Nurgaliyev, Dr. Usen Suleimen, Dr. Shakhmaran Seilov, the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2025.

Foundational Works in Sociology, Organizational Theory, and Governance Studies

1. Fustel de Coulanges, Numa Denis. La Cité antique: étude sur le culte, le droit, les institutions de la Grèce et de Rome. Paris: Durand, 1864.
2. Durkheim, Émile. De la division du travail social. Paris: Félix Alcan, 1893.
3. Durkheim, Émile. Le Suicide: étude de sociologie. Paris: Félix Alcan, 1897.
4. Simmel, Georg. Soziologie: Untersuchungen über die Formen der Vergesellschaftung. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, 1908.
5. Weber, Max. Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1922.
6. Moreno, Jacob Levy. Who Shall Survive? A New Approach to the Problem of Human Interrelations. Washington, DC: Nervous and Mental Disease Publishing Co., 1934.
7. Russell, Bertrand. Power: A New Social Analysis. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1938.
8. Barnard, Chester I. The Functions of the Executive. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1938.
9. Merton, Robert K. “Bureaucratic Structure and Personality.” Social Forces, 1940.
10. Simon, Herbert A. Administrative Behavior: A Study of Decision-Making Processes in Administrative Organization. New York: Macmillan, 1947.
11. Selznick, Philip. TVA and the Grass Roots: A Study in the Sociology of Formal Organization. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1949.
12. Barnes, John A. “Class and Committees in a Norwegian Island Parish.” Human Relations, 1954.
13. Gouldner, Alvin W. Patterns of Industrial Bureaucracy. Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1954.
14. Gluckman, Max. Custom and Conflict in Africa. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1955.
15. Rapoport, Anatol. “Contribution to the Theory of Random and Biased Nets.” The Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics 19 (1957): 257–277.
16. Bott, Elizabeth. Family and Social Network: Roles, Norms and External Relationships in Ordinary Urban Families. London: Tavistock Publications, 1957.
17. Selznick, Philip. Leadership in Administration: A Sociological Interpretation. New York: Harper & Row, 1957.
18. March, James G., and Herbert A. Simon. Organizations. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1958.
19. Lindblom, Charles E. “The Science of ‘Muddling Through’.” Public Administration Review, 1959.
20. Kaufman, Herbert. The Forest Ranger: A Study in Administrative Behavior. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1960.
21. Crozier, Michel. Le phénomène bureaucratique. Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1963.
22. Arendt, Hannah. Personal Responsibility under Dictatorship. Lecture manuscript. The Hannah Arendt Papers. Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, DC, 1964.
23. Wildavsky, Aaron. The Politics of the Budgetary Process. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1964.
24. Olson, Mancur. The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965.
25. Thompson, James D. Organizations in Action: Social Science Bases of Administrative Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967.
26. Mitchell, J. Clyde. “The Concept and Use of Social Networks.” In Social Networks in Urban Situations: Analyses of Personal Relationships in Central African Towns. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1969.
27. Mitchell, J. Clyde, ed. Social Networks in Urban Situations: Analyses of Personal Relationships in Central African Towns. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1969.
28. Kapferer, Bruce. “Norms and the Manipulation of Relationships in a Work Context.” In Social Networks in Urban Situations: Analyses of Personal Relationships in Central African Towns. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1969.
29. Wheeldon, Philip D. “The Operation of Voluntary Associations and Personal Networks in the Political Processes of an Inter-Ethnic Community.” In Social Networks in Urban Situations: Analyses of Personal Relationships in Central African Towns, edited by J. Clyde Mitchell, 128–181. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1969.
30. Weick, Karl E. The Social Psychology of Organizing. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1969.
31. Cohen, Michael D., James G. March, and Johan P. Olsen. “A Garbage Can Model of Organizational Choice.” Administrative Science Quarterly, 1972.
32. Perrow, Charles. Complex Organizations: A Critical Essay. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman, 1972.
33. Kapferer, Bruce. Strategy and Transaction in an African Factory: African Workers and Indian Management in a Zambian Town. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1972.
34. Granovetter, Mark S. “The Strength of Weak Ties.” American Journal of Sociology, 1973.
35. Boissevain, Jeremy. Friends of Friends: Networks, Manipulators and Coalitions. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1974.
36. White, Harrison C., Scott A. Boorman, and Ronald L. Breiger. “Social Structure from Multiple Networks. I. Blockmodels of Roles and Positions.” American Journal of Sociology, 1976.
37. Freeman, Linton C. “A Set of Measures of Centrality Based on Betweenness.” Sociometry, 1977.
38. Meyer, John W., and Brian Rowan. “Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony.” American Journal of Sociology, 1977.
39. Zucker, Lynne G. “The Role of Institutionalization in Cultural Persistence.” American Sociological Review, 1977.
40. Pfeffer, Jeffrey, and Gerald R. Salancik. The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective. New York: Harper & Row, 1978.
41. Hanf, Keith, and Fritz W. Scharpf, eds. Interorganizational Policy Making: Limits to Coordination and Central Control. London: Sage Publications, 1978.
42. Verbrugge, Lois M. “Multiplexity in Adult Friendships.” Social Forces, 1979.
43. Tichy, Noel M., Michael L. Tushman, and Charles Fombrun. “Social Network Analysis for Organizations.” Academy of Management Review, 1979.
44. Freeman, Linton C. “Centrality in Social Networks: Conceptual Clarification.” Social Networks, 1979.
45. Mintzberg, Henry. The Structuring of Organizations: A Synthesis of the Research. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1979.
46. Giddens, Anthony. Central Problems in Social Theory: Action, Structure and Contradiction in Social Analysis. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979.
47. Lipsky, Michael. Street-Level Bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Services. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1980.
48. Belbin, Meredith. Management Teams: Why They Succeed or Fail. London: Heinemann, 1981.
49. Pfeffer, Jeffrey. Power in Organizations. Marshfield, MA: Pitman Publishing, 1981.
50. Peters, Thomas J., and Robert H. Waterman Jr. In Search of Excellence: Lessons from America’s Best-Run Companies. New York: Harper & Row, 1982.
51. Deal, Terrence E., and Allan A. Kennedy. Corporate Cultures: The Rites and Rituals of Corporate Life. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1982.
52. Mintzberg, Henry. Structure in Fives: Designing Effective Organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1983.
53. DiMaggio, Paul J., and Walter W. Powell. “The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields.” American Sociological Review, 1983.
54. Perrow, Charles. Normal Accidents: Living with High-Risk Technologies. New York: Basic Books, 1984.
55. March, James G., and Johan P. Olsen. “The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in Political Life.” American Political Science Review, 1984.
56. Schein, Edgar H. Organizational Culture and Leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1985.
57. Elster, Jon, and Aanund Hylland, eds. Foundations of Social Choice Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
58. Morgan, Gareth. Images of Organization. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1986.
59. Krackhardt, David. “Cognitive Social Structures.” Social Networks, 1987.
60. Burns, Tom R., and Helena Flam. The Shaping of Social Organization: Social Rule System Theory with Applications. London: Sage Publications, 1987.
61. Coleman, James S. “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital.” American Journal of Sociology, 1988.
62. Levitt, Barbara, and James G. March. “Organizational Learning.” Annual Review of Sociology, 1988.
63. March, James G., and Johan P. Olsen. Rediscovering Institutions: The Organizational Basis of Politics. New York: Free Press, 1989.
64. Elster, Jon. Nuts and Bolts for the Social Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
65. Wilson, James Q. Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why They Do It. New York: Basic Books, 1989.
66. Coleman, James S. Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990.
67. Krackhardt, David. “Assessing the Political Landscape: Structure, Cognition, and Power in Organizations.” Administrative Science Quarterly, 1990.
68. Powell, Walter W. “Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization.” Research in Organizational Behavior, 1990.
69. Knoke, David. Political Networks: The Structural Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
70. March, James G. “Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning.” Organization Science, 1991.
71. Pareto, Vilfredo. The Rise and Fall of the Elites: An Application of Theoretical Sociology. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1991.
72. Burt, Ronald S. Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992.
73. Pfeffer, Jeffrey. Managing with Power: Politics and Influence in Organizations. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1992.
74. Dunbar, R. I. M. “Neocortex Size as a Constraint on Group Size in Primates.” Journal of Human Evolution, 1992.
75. Krackhardt, David, and Jeffrey R. Hanson. “Informal Networks: The Company Behind the Chart.” Harvard Business Review, 1993.
76. Kontopoulos, Kyriakos M. The Logics of Social Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
77. Luhmann, Niklas. Risk: A Sociological Theory. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1993.
78. Wasserman, Stanley, and Katherine Faust. Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
79. Knyazeva, Elena N., and Sergey P. Kurdyumov. Законы эволюции и самоорганизации сложных систем [Laws of Evolution and Self-Organization of Complex Systems]. Moscow: Nauka, 1994.
80. Scott, W. Richard. Institutions and Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1995.
81. Weick, Karl E. Sensemaking in Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1995.
82. Castells, Manuel. The Rise of the Network Society. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1996.
83. Scharpf, Fritz W. Games Real Actors Play: Actor-Centered Institutionalism in Policy Research. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1997.
84. Rhodes, R. A. W. Understanding Governance: Policy Networks, Governance, Reflexivity and Accountability. Buckingham: Open University Press, 1997.
85. Kickert, Walter J. M., Erik-Hans Klijn, and Joop F. M. Koppenjan, eds. Managing Complex Networks: Strategies for the Public Sector. London: Sage Publications, 1997.
86. Watts, Duncan J., and Steven H. Strogatz. “Collective Dynamics of ‘Small-World’ Networks.” Nature, 1998.
87. Scott, James C. Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998.
88. Hedström, Peter, and Richard Swedberg, eds. Social Mechanisms: An Analytical Approach to Social Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
89. Friedkin, Noah E. A Structural Theory of Social Influence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
90. Schweizer, Thomas, and Douglas R. White, eds. Kinship, Networks, and Exchange. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
91. Barbalet, J. M. Emotion, Social Theory, and Social Structure: A Macrosociological Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
92. Watts, Duncan J. Small Worlds: The Dynamics of Networks between Order and Randomness. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999.
93. Barabási, Albert-László, and Réka Albert. “Emergence of Scaling in Random Networks.” Science, 1999.
94. Lee, Kuan Yew. From Third World to First: The Singapore Story, 1965–2000. New York: HarperCollins, 2000.
95. Feldman, Martha S. “Organizational Routines as a Source of Continuous Change.” Organization Science 11, no. 6 (2000): 611–629.
96. Meier, Kenneth J., and John Bohte. “Ode to Luther Gulick: Span of Control and Organizational Performance.” Administration & Society 32, no. 2 (2000): 115–137.
97. Meier, Kenneth J., and John Bohte. “Structure and Discretion: Missing Links in Representative Bureaucracy.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 11, no. 4 (2001): 455–470.
98. Fligstein, Neil. The Architecture of Markets: An Economic Sociology of Twenty-First-Century Capitalist Societies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001.
99. Lin, Nan. Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
100. Bohte, John, and Kenneth J. Meier. “Structure and the Performance of Public Organizations: Task Difficulty and Span of Control.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 2001.
101. Barabási, Albert-László. Linked: The New Science of Networks. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publishing, 2002.
102. Cross, Rob, and Laurence Prusak. “The People Who Make Organizations Go — or Stop.” Harvard Business Review, 2002.
103. White, Harrison C. Markets from Networks: Socioeconomic Models of Production. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002.
104. Sokolov, Arkady V. General Theory of Social Communication. St. Petersburg: Mikhailov Publishing House, 2002.
105. Jeong, Hawoong, Albert-László Barabási, Zoltán Neda, Erzsébet Ravasz, András Schubert, and Tamás Vicsek. “Evolution of the Social Network of Scientific Collaborations.” Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications 311, no. 3–4 (2002): 590–614.
106. Knyazeva, Elena N., and Sergey P. Kurdyumov. Основания синергетики: Режимы с обострением, самоорганизация, темпомиры [Foundations of Synergetics: Blow-Up Regimes, Self-Organization, Tempoworlds]. Petersburg: Aleteiya, 2002.
107. Newman, Mark. “The Structure and Function of Complex Networks.” SIAM Review, 2003.
108. Carley, Kathleen M. “Dynamic Network Analysis.” In Dynamic Social Network Modeling and Analysis: Workshop Summary and Papers, edited by Ronald Breiger, Kathleen Carley, and Philippa Pattison. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2003.
109. Agranoff, Robert, and Michael McGuire. Collaborative Public Management: New Strategies for Local Governments. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2003.
110. Feldman, Martha S., and Brian T. Pentland. “Reconceptualizing Organizational Routines as a Source of Flexibility and Change.” Administrative Science Quarterly 48 (2003): 94–118.
111. Monge, Peter R., and Noshir S. Contractor. Theories of Communication Networks. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
112. Cross, Rob, and Andrew Parker. The Hidden Power of Social Networks: Understanding How Work Really Gets Done in Organizations. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2004.
113. Deguchi, Hiroshi. Economics as an Agent-Based Complex System: Toward Agent-Based Social Systems Sciences. Tokyo: Springer, 2004.
114. Koppenjan, Joop, and Erik-Hans Klijn. Managing Uncertainties in Networks: A Network Approach to Problem Solving and Decision Making. London: Routledge, 2004.
115. Hedström, Peter. Dissecting the Social: On the Principles of Analytical Sociology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
116. Osborne, Stephen P. “The New Public Governance?” Public Management Review 8, no. 3 (2006): 377–387.
117. Centola, Damon, and Michael W. Macy. “Complex Contagions and the Weakness of Long Ties.” American Journal of Sociology, 2007.
118. Elster, Jon. Explaining Social Behavior: More Nuts and Bolts for the Social Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
119. Medina, Luis Fernando. A Unified Theory of Collective Action and Social Change. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2007.
120. Sørensen, Eva, and Jacob Torfing, eds. Theories of Democratic Network Governance. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
121. Shiroyama, Hideaki. Governance of Science and Technology. Tokyo: Toshindo, 2007.
122. Jackson, Matthew O. Social and Economic Networks. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008.
123. Provan, Keith G., and Patrick Kenis. “Modes of Network Governance: Structure, Management, and Effectiveness.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 2008.
124. Ansell, Chris, and Alison Gash. “Collaborative Governance in Theory and Practice.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 2008.
125. Borgatti, Stephen P., Ajay Mehra, Daniel J. Brass, and Giuseppe Labianca. “Network Analysis in the Social Sciences.” Science, 2009.
126. Aral, Sinan, Lev Muchnik, and Arun Sundararajan. “Distinguishing Influence-Based Contagion from Homophily-Driven Diffusion in Dynamic Networks.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009.
127. Lazer, David, Alex Pentland, Lada Adamic, Sinan Aral, Albert-László Barabási, Devon Brewer, Nicholas Christakis, Noshir Contractor, James Fowler, Myron Gutmann, Tony Jebara, Gary King, Michael Macy, Deb Roy, and Marshall Van Alstyne. “Computational Social Science.” Science, 2009.
128. Newman, Mark. Networks: An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
129. Centola, Damon. “The Spread of Behavior in an Online Social Network Experiment.” Science, 2010.
130. Osborne, Stephen P., ed. The New Public Governance? Emerging Perspectives on the Theory and Practice of Public Governance. London: Routledge, 2010.
131. Snijders, Tom A. B., Gerhard G. van de Bunt, and Christian E. G. Steglich. “Introduction to Stochastic Actor-Based Models for Network Dynamics.” Social Networks, 2010.
132. Hood, Christopher. The Blame Game: Spin, Bureaucracy, and Self-Preservation in Government. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011.
133. Harari, Yuval Noah. Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind. Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing House, 2011.
134. Friedkin, Noah E., and Eugene C. Johnsen. Social Influence Network Theory: A Sociological Examination of Small Group Dynamics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
135. de Lange, Deborah E. Cliques and Capitalism: A Modern Networked Theory of the Firm. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
136. Aral, Sinan, and Dylan Walker. “Identifying Influential and Susceptible Members of Social Networks.” Science, 2012.
137. Emerson, Kirk, Tina Nabatchi, and Stephen Balogh. “An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 2012.
138. Thornton, Patricia H., William Ocasio, and Michael Lounsbury. The Institutional Logics Perspective: A New Approach to Culture, Structure, and Process. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
139. Contractor, Noshir S. Theoretical Perspectives on Organizing and Networks. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
140. Suzuki, Kan Hiroshi. “Social Design and Global Leadership.” University of Tokyo Global Leader Program for Social Design and Management, 2014.
141. McChrystal, Stanley, Tantum Collins, David Silverman, and Chris Fussell. Team of Teams: New Rules of Engagement for a Complex World. New York: Portfolio/Penguin, 2015.
142. Kauffman, Louis H. “Cybernetics, Reflexivity and Second-Order Science.” In Foundations of Constructivism: Philosophy, Science, Religion, edited by Joseph Goguen, 2016.
143. Ljungberg, Jonas, ed. Structural Analysis and the Process of Economic Development: Essays in Memory of Lennart Schön. London: Routledge, 2016.
144. Klijn, Erik-Hans, and Joop Koppenjan. Governance Networks in the Public Sector. London: Routledge, 2016.
145. Oto-Peralías, Daniel, and Diego Romero-Ávila. Colonial Theories of Institutional Development: Toward a Model of Styles of Imperialism. Cham: Springer, 2017.
146. Centola, Damon. How Behavior Spreads: The Science of Complex Contagions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2018.
147. Mascareño, Aldo. “De la Crisis a las Transiciones Críticas en Sistemas Complejos: Hacia una Actualización de la Teoría de Sistemas Sociales” [“From Crisis to Critical Transitions in Complex Systems: Toward an Update of Social Systems Theory”]. Theorein: Revista de Ciencias Sociales 3, no. 1 (2018): 109–143.
148. Jackson, Matthew O. The Human Network: How Your Social Position Determines Your Power, Beliefs, and Behaviors. New York: Pantheon Books, 2019.
149. Styhre, Alexander. The Institutional Theory of the Firm: Embedded Autonomy. London: Routledge, 2019.
150. Aral, Sinan. The Hype Machine: How Social Media Disrupts Our Elections, Our Economy, and Our Health—and How We Must Adapt. New York: Currency, 2020.
151. Yap, Wei Yim. “Strategic Planning and Port Policy.” In Business and Economics of Port Management: An Insider’s Perspective, 377–397. London: Routledge, 2020.
152. Bidart, Claire, Alain Degenne, and Michel Grossetti. Living in Networks: The Dynamics of Social Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020.
153. Cross, Rob. Beyond Collaboration Overload: How to Work Smarter, Get Ahead, and Restore Your Well-Being. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2021.
154. Knoke, David, Mario Diani, James Hollway, and Dimitris Christopoulos. Multimode Political Networks. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021.
155. Small, Mario L., Brea L. Perry, Bernice A. Pescosolido, and Edward B. Smith, eds. Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021.
156. Terano, Takao. “A Perspective on Agent-Based Modeling in Social System Analysis.” In Handbook of Systems Sciences, edited by Gary S. Metcalf, Kyoichi Kijima, and Hiroshi Deguchi, 353–365. Singapore: Springer, 2021.
157. Lepskiy, Vladimir E. “Рефлексивность в управлении социальными системами: философско-методологический анализ” [“Reflexivity in the Management of Social Systems: A Philosophical and Methodological Analysis”]. Философия науки и техники 26, no. 2 (2021): 128–146.
158. Ertug, Gökhan, Julia Brennecke, and Stefano Tasselli. “Theorizing the Consequences of Multiplex Relationships: An Integrative Typology.” Academy of Management Annals, 2023.
159. Tang, Shiping. “计算社会科学与科学决策的未来” [“The Future of Computational Social Science and Scientific Decision-Making”]. 国际政治科学 / Quarterly Journal of International Politics 8, no. 3 (2023): 1–27.
160. McVeigh, Ryan. The Cognitive Foundations of Classical Sociological Theory. London: Routledge, 2024.
161. Mi, Jianing. “生成式治理：大模型时代的治理新范式” [“Generative Governance: A New Paradigm of Governance in the Era of Large Models”]. 中国社会科学 / Social Sciences in China, no. 10 (2024): 119–139, 207.
162. Koval, Ekaterina A., and Marina D. Martynova. “Трансформация моральных норм и ценностей в эпоху больших данных” [“Transformation of Moral Norms and Values in the Big Data Era”]. Этическая мысль / Ethical Thought 24, no. 2 (2024): 105–119.
163. Caicedo Chiriboga, David Armando. “Teorías, Métodos y Modelos para Abordar la Complejidad Social: Un Enfoque Basado en Sistemas Complejos Adaptativos” [“Theories, Methods, and Models to Address Social Complexity: An Approach Based on Complex Adaptive Systems”]. Revista Internacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Global 4, no. 2 (2025): 23–44.
164. Wang, Haiming. “社会治理数智化转型的三重意蕴” [“The Triple Meaning of the Digital-Intelligent Transformation of Social Governance”]. 中国社会科学网 / Chinese Social Sciences Net, March 6, 2025.
165. Jung, Bo-Young, Sangyeop Lee, and Moon-Gi Jeong. “청년정책참여기구의 협력적 거버넌스 운영에 관한 연구: 시흥시 청년정책네트워크를 중심으로” [“A Study on the Collaborative Governance of Youth Policy Participation Organizations: Focusing on the Governance of Siheung Youth Policy Network”]. Korean Public Administration Review 59, no. 3 (2025): 61–90.
166. Thammanyutanun, Pavoranun. “บทบาทของสื่อสังคมออนไลน์ในการขับเคลื่อนประเด็นสาธารณะและการเปลี่ยนแปลงทางสังคม” [“The Role of Social Media in Driving Public Issues and Catalyzing Social Change”]. Multidisciplinary Journal of Shinawatra University 3, no. 3 (September–December 2025).

Works in Spatial Visualization and Computer Science

167. Hilbert, David. “Über die stetige Abbildung einer Linie auf ein Flächenstück.” Mathematische Annalen 38 (1891): 459–460.
168. Hilbert, David. Grundlagen der Geometrie. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner, 1899.
169. Kleinrock, Leonard. Message Delay in Communication Nets with Storage. PhD diss., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1962.
170. Booth, Kellogg S., and George S. Lueker. “Testing for the Consecutive Ones Property, Interval Graphs, and Graph Planarity Using PQ-Tree Algorithms.” Journal of Computer and System Sciences 13 (1976): 335–379.
171. Lamping, John, and Ramana Rao. “Laying Out and Visualizing Large Trees Using a Hyperbolic Space.” Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, 1991.
172. Munzner, Tamara, and Paul Burchard. “Visualizing the Structure of the World Wide Web in 3D Hyperbolic Space.” 1995.
173. Brandenburg, Franz J. “The Ancestor Width of Grammars and Languages.” Theoretical Computer Science 207 (1998): 25–41.
174. Hallinan, Peter W., Geordie Gordon, Alan L. Yuille, Peter Giblin, and David Mumford, eds. Two- and Three-Dimensional Patterns of the Face. Natick, MA: A K Peters, 1999.
175. Bachl, S., Franz J. Brandenburg, and D. Gmach. “Computing and Drawing Isomorphic Subgraphs.” 2004.
176. Bachmaier, Christian, and Franz J. Brandenburg. “Radial Level Planarity Testing and Embedding in Linear Time.” University of Passau, 2005.
177. Hyun, Young. The Walrus Graph Visualization Tool. Version 0.6.3. CAIDA, 2005.
178. Henry, Nathalie, Jean-Daniel Fekete, and Michael J. McGuffin. “NodeTrix: A Hybrid Visualization of Social Networks.” IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 2007.
179. Bachmaier, Christian, Franz J. Brandenburg, Wolfgang Brunner, and Ferdinand Hübner. “Global k-Level Crossing Reduction.” University of Passau, 2011.
180. Bachmaier, Christian, Franz J. Brandenburg, Wolfgang Brunner, and Raymund Fulop. “Drawing Recurrent Hierarchies.” University of Passau, 2012.
181. Brandenburg, Franz J. “On the Curve Complexity of Upward Planar Drawings.” University of Passau, 2012.
182. Auer, Christopher, Franz J. Brandenburg, Andreas Gleißner, and Kathrin Hanauer. “On Sparse Maximal 2-Planar Graphs.” University of Passau, 2013.
183. Auer, Christopher, Franz J. Brandenburg, Andreas Gleißner, and Josef Reislhuber. “Optical Graph Recognition.” University of Passau, 2013.
184. Jagdish, Deepak, and César A. Hidalgo. Immersion: A Platform for Visualization and Temporal Analysis of Email Data. Cambridge, MA: MIT Media Lab, 2014.
185. Munzner, Tamara. Visualization Analysis and Design. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2014.
186. Da Lozzo, Giordano, Vida Dujmović, Fabrizio Frati, Tamara Mchedlidze, and Vincenzo Roselli. “Drawing Planar Graphs with Many Collinear Vertices.” 2016.
187. Brandenburg, Franz J., Walter Didimo, William S. Evans, Philipp Kindermann, Giuseppe Liotta, and Fabrizio Montecchiani. “Recognizing and Drawing IC-Planar Graphs.” 2016.
188. Lehmann-Horn, Klaus, Sheng-zhi Wang, Sharon A. Sagan, Scott S. Zamvil, and H.-Christian von Büdingen. “B Cell Repertoire Expansion Occurs in Meningeal Ectopic Lymphoid Tissue.” JCI Insight, 2016.
189. Auer, Christopher, Christian Bachmaier, Franz J. Brandenburg, Wolfgang Brunner, and Andreas Gleißner. “Data Structures and Their Planar Graph Layouts.” University of Passau, 2018.
190. Schuld, Maria, and Francesco Petruccione. Supervised Learning with Quantum Computers. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2018.
191. Zhang, An Ni, Chen-Ju Hou, Li-Guan Li, and Tong Zhang. “ARGs-OSP: Online Searching Platform for Antibiotic Resistance Genes Distribution in Metagenomic Database and Bacterial Whole Genome Database.” FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2018.
192. Angelini, Patrizio, Michael A. Bekos, Franz J. Brandenburg, Giordano Da Lozzo, Giuseppe Di Battista, Walter Didimo, Michael Homann, Giuseppe Liotta, Fabrizio Montecchiani, Ignaz Rutter, and Csaba D. Tóth. “Simple k-Planar Graphs Are Simple (k+1)-Quasiplanar.” 2019.
193. Kinsley, Harrison, and Daniel Kukieła. Neural Networks from Scratch in Python. NNFS, 2020.
194. Ochoa Pacheco, Paola, David Coello-Montecel, Michelle Tello, Virginia Lasio, and Alfredo Armijos. “How Do Project Managers’ Competencies Impact Project Success? A Systematic Literature Review.” PLOS ONE, 2023.
195. Schweiger, L., and L. Barth. “Properties and Characteristics of Digital Twins: Review of Industrial Definitions.” SN Computer Science, Vol. 4, Article 436. Springer Nature, Cham, Switzerland, 2023
196. Bishop, Christopher M., and Hugh Bishop. Deep Learning: Foundations and Concepts. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2024.
197. Hossain, Eklas. Machine Learning Crash Course for Engineers. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2024.
198. Cambridge Intelligence Inc. Cambridge Intelligence Visualization Platforms. 2024. https://cambridge-intelligence.com/.

Selected Works in Medicine and Biology

198. Xu, Bin, Mengjie Gu, Qunfeng Wu, Chang Shu, Wenbo Tan, Suwen Wang, Zhengwei Zhong, Xiaoling Wang, Jian Li, Jingwen Wang, Yuanzhi Wang, and Wei Hu. “The Bacterial Patterns Suggesting the Dynamic Features of Tick-Associated Microorganisms in Hard Ticks.” BMC Microbiology, 2024.
199. Tsiganova, Irina. Gut Microbiota: Opportunistic, Beneficial and Pathogenic Microorganisms. LabStori, 2024.

Historical Sources on Military Strategy, Astronomy, and Scientific Instrumentation

200. Clay tablet with geometrical diagrams accompanied by mathematical problems, BM 100041, seven or more columns. Hugo H. Figulla, Marcel Sigrist, and Christopher B. F. Walker, Catalogue of the Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum, vol. 2 (London: British Museum Press, 1996).
201. Mardī ibn ʿAlī ibn Mardī al-Ṭarsūsī. al-Tabṣirah fī al-ḥurūb (Instruction in Military Arts). MS Huntington 264, fol. 168a. Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford. Author deceased 1193.
202. Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni (973–1048). Isti‘ab al-wujuh al-mumkina fi-sana‘at al-asturlab [Comprehensive Summary of the Possible Ways of Making an Astrolabe]. Arabic manuscript, Leiden University Libraries, UBL Or. 123(2), fol. 6a. Public Domain.

Additional Selected Works

203. Ying Yuan (郢爰) Gold Currency, State of Chu, Warring States Period (475–223 BCE). Nanjing Museum (南京博物院), Nanjing, China. Photograph by SSYoung. Wikimedia Commons. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Accessed July 24, 2026.
204. Donne, John. Devotions upon Emergent Occasions, and Severall Steps in My Sicknes. London: Thomas Jones, 1624.
205. McCallum, D. C., G. H. Henshaw, and New York and Erie Railroad Company. New York and Erie Railroad Diagram Representing a Plan of Organization. New York: New York and Erie Railroad Company, 1855.
206. Moreno, Jacob Levy. The Theatre of Spontaneity. Beacon, NY: Beacon House, 1947.
207. Whyte, William H. “Is Anybody Listening?” Fortune, September 1950.
208. Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation. Recommendations on the Procedure for Assessing Corruption Risks in Organizations. Moscow, 2019.
209. Administrative Procedure and Process Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan. No. 350-VI, June 29, 2020. Article 76.
210. Khudaibergenov, Olzhas. Facebook page. Meta Platforms, 2020.
211. Fore, Preston. “Bolt CEO Says He Let Go of His Entire HR Team for Creating Problems That Didn’t Exist.” Fortune, 2026.

Academic Databases and Bibliographic Resources

211. The dblp Computer Science Bibliography, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz Center for Informatics, Wadern, Germany
212. JSTOR, ITHAKA, New York, USA
213. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
214. Electronic Journals Library (EZB), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
215. Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., USA
216. arXiv.org, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
217. ScienceDirect, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands
218. The University of British Columbia Library, Vancouver, Canada

Academic Publishers and University Presses

219. Aleteiia Publishing House, St. Petersburg, Russia.
220. Beacon House, London, UK.
221. British Museum Press, London,
222. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
223. Dagstuhl Publishing, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz Center for Informatics, Wadern, Germany.
224. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
225. Harvard Business Publishing, Harvard Business School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
226. HarperCollins Publishers, HarperCollins Publishers LLC, New York, USA.
227. Nauka Publishers, Moscow, Russia.
228. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
229. Palgrave Macmillan, Springer Nature, London, UK.
230. Progress Publishers, Moscow, USSR.
231. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London, UK / New York, USA.
232. SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, California, USA.
233. Springer, Springer Nature, Cham, Switzerland / Berlin, Germany.
234. Nature, Springer Nature, London, UK.
235. The Modern Library, Random House, New York, USA.
236. The University of Chicago Press, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
237. Toshindo, Tokyo, Japan.
238. Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
239. University of California Press, Oakland, California, USA.
240. University of Michigan Press, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
241. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, Germany.

Research Centers, Laboratories and Institutional Resources

242. California State University, Northridge, California, USA
243. Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
244. Center for Applied Internet Data Analysis (CAIDA), University of California San Diego Supercomputer Center, La Jolla, California, USA
245. Collective Learning Group, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
246. Computer Systems Division, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
247. Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
248. Department of Mathematics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
249. Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
250. ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
251. Geometry Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
252. Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
253. International Center for Antibiotics and Resistance in Environments, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
254. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
255. Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (Technische Universität München), Munich, Germany
256. Leiden University Libraries, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
257. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
258. MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
259. Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
260. National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
261. Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
262. School of Architecture and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
263. Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
264. Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
265. Shinawatra University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
266. Technical University of Munich (Technische Universität München), Munich, Germany
267. Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
268. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
269. University of California, Irvine, California, USA
270. University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
271. University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
272. University of Passau, Passau, Germany
273. University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
274. University of Tokyo Global Leader Program for Social Design and Management, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
275. University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
276. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
277. Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), Palo Alto, California, USA
278. Zurich University of the Arts, Zurich, Switzerland

Academic Journals and Scholarly Publishing Resources

279. Administrative Science Quarterly, SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, California, USA.
280. Academy of Management Annals, Academy of Management, Briarcliff Manor, New York, USA.
281. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Washington, D.C., USA.
282. American Journal of Sociology, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
283. American Society for Clinical Investigation (ASCI), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
284. BMC, Springer Nature, London, UK.
285. Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology, Australian Computer Society Inc., Sydney, Australia.
286. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
287. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Computer Society, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
288. IEEE.org, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
289. JCI Insight, American Society for Clinical Investigation, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
290. Journal of Computer and System Sciences, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
291. Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
292. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
293. Korean Public Administration Review, Korean Association for Public Administration, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
294. Multidisciplinary Journal of Shinawatra University, Shinawatra University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
295. Philosophy of Science and Technology / Философия науки и техники, Moscow, Russia.
296. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
297. PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, San Francisco, California, USA.
298. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.
299. Quarterly Journal of International Politics / 国际政治科学, Beijing, China.
300. Revista Internacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Global, EDIGLOBALIN, Ecuador.
301. Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, D.C., USA.
302. Social Forces, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
303. Social Networks, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
304. Social Sciences in China / 中国社会科学, Beijing, China.
305. Theorein: Revista de Ciencias Sociales, Ecuador.
306. Этическая мысль / Ethical Thought, Moscow, Russia.
307. 中国社会科学网 / China Social Sciences Net, Beijing, China.

Historical, Cultural, and Archival Resources

308. Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
309. British Library, London, UK.
310. German History in Documents and Images (GHDI), German Historical Institute, Washington, D.C., USA.
311. MuslimHeritage.com, Foundation for Science, Technology and Civilisation (FSTC), Manchester, UK.
312. Nanjing Museum, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
313. Niklas Luhmann Archive, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
314. Presidential Library (Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library), Saint Petersburg, Russia.
315. Qatar Digital Library, Qatar Foundation and The British Library, Doha, Qatar / London, UK.
316. South African History Online (SAHO), Johannesburg, South Africa.
317. The Nafziger Collection, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, USA.
318. The Napoleon Series, Digital Historical Archive, USA.
319. The Renaissance Mathematicus, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
320. The Westminster Review, London, UK.
321. Wellcome Collection, London, UK.

Academic Networking and Research Platforms

321. Academia.edu, Academia, Inc., San Francisco, California, USA
322. ResearchGate, ResearchGate GmbH, Berlin, Germany
323. GitHub, GitHub, Inc., San Francisco, California, USA

General Information Sources

324. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, Wikimedia Foundation, San Francisco, California, USA, accessed 2025.
325. Wikimedia Commons, Wikimedia Foundation, Oakland, California, USA, accessed 2026.
326. Embassy in Russia, U.S. Department of State, Washington, D.C., USA, accessed 2025.
327. Amazon.com, Online Book Catalog. Seattle, WA, USA: Amazon.com, Inc., accessed 2026.

Public Archives and Independent Online Resources

327. abuss.narod.ru, Moscow, Russia
328. GeoCities (archived web resource), Sunnyvale, California, USA
329. Labstori.ru, Moscow, Russia
330. Libcom.org, London, UK.
331. Marxists Internet Archive, Walnut Creek, California, USA

Visual Media and Image Resources

332. Pinterest, San Francisco, California, USA
333. Flickr, Mountain View, California, USA
334. Behance, San Jose, California, USA
335. Dreamstime, Brentwood, Tennessee, USA
336. Instagram, Menlo Park, California, USA

The Evolution of Social System Visualization: From Genealogical Trees and Ecclesiastical Hierarchies to State and Military Organizational Structures (13th–19th Centuries). Page 336, created by the authors in 2026 using ChatGPT.

337. Arbor Consanguinitatis. Medieval diagram of kinship relations, c. 1250–1300.
     British Library, London, UK. Harley MS 3244.
338. Tree of Jesse. Genealogical representation of the lineage of Christ, c. 1310–1320.
     British Library, London, UK. Royal MS 2 B VII, Queen Mary Psalter, fol. 67v.
339. Genealogical Chronicle of the Kings of England. Illuminated genealogical roll depicting the succession of English monarchs, 1424. Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. MS. Bodl. Rolls 6.
340. Hierarchia Ecclesiastica. Diagram of the ecclesiastical hierarchy of the Catholic Church, 16th century. Wellcome Collection, London, UK. Related early printed work: Coelestis hierarchia. Ecclesiastica hierarchia, Paris, 1515.
341. Table of Ranks of the Russian Empire. System of military, civil, and court ranks introduced by Peter the Great, 1722. Presidential Library (Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library), Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation. Law approved by Peter I on 24 January / 4 February 1722.
342. Hierarchy of the Holy Roman Empire. Visual representation of the political and social hierarchy of the Holy Roman Empire, 18th century.
     German History in Documents and Images (GHDI), German Historical Institute, Washington, D.C., USA.
343. Allied Order of Battle at Waterloo. Organizational structure of the Anglo-Allied Army at the Battle of Waterloo, 1815. The Nafziger Collection, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, USA.
344. Prussian Army – Order of Battle. Command structure of the Prussian Army during the Battle of Leipzig, 1813. The Napoleon Series, Digital Historical Archive, USA.
345. French Army – Corps d’Armée Organization. Organizational chart of a French army corps during the Napoleonic Wars, c. 1805–1815. The Napoleon Series, Digital Historical Archive, USA.

Chapter 10. Design

346. Page 368 – Interpretation of the Bastau Methodology and the Model of Multiple Social Governance Systems by ChatGPT Algorithms (2026).
347. Page 369 – Illustration of a futuristic multi-component mechanism, created by the authors in 2026 using ChatGPT, inspired by van Hoeckel, N. The Orrery. Digital Art. Created using Maxon Cinema 4D. Behance, 2020.
348. Page 370 – Illustration of a futuristic and complex system, created by the authors in 2026 using ChatGPT, inspired by the digital artwork Tech Banner by Shaka Sotho, Pinterest.
349. Page 371 – Illustration of a futuristic multi-component system, created by the authors in 2026 using ChatGPT, inspired by Budassi, Pablo Carlos. The Celestial Zoo: A Tour of 210 Destinations in the Vast Expanse of Our Universe. Digital Infographic Project, 2020.
350. Page 372 – Illustration of a cell, created by the authors in 2026 using ChatGPT, inspired by C. Bickel / Science. “Dangerous Steps.” Infographic accompanying Kai Kupferschmidt’s article Why Hasn’t the Bird Flu Pandemic Started?, Science, 5 December 2024.
351. Page 373 – Illustration of a cell, created by the authors in 2026 using ChatGPT, inspired by Mirukser. DNA Double Helix. Digital Illustration. Frankenthal, Germany. Dreamstime Stock Photography Collection.
352. Page 374 – Illustration of biological networks modeled on the colonial structure of corals, created by the authors in 2026 using ChatGPT, inspired by Terence Ziegler. Organic 3D Collection. Pinterest.
353. Page 375 – Illustration of the circulatory system, created by the authors in 2026 using ChatGPT, inspired by Terence Ziegler. Organic 3D Collection. Pinterest.
354. Page 376 – Illustration of microbiological cultures, created by the authors in 2026 using ChatGPT, inspired by Terence Ziegler. Organic 3D Collection. Pinterest.
355. Page 377 – Illustration created by the authors in 2026 using ChatGPT, inspired by contemporary AI-generated infographics on biotechnology and the microbiome.
356. Page 378 – Illustration created by the authors in 2026 using ChatGPT, inspired by Futuristic Holographic Flowers with Scientific Data Visualization, by Pawtista, Pinterest.
357. Page 379 – Illustration created by the authors in 2026 using ChatGPT, inspired by contemporary AI-generated infographics on space exploration, cosmic structures, and the visualization of astronomical data.
358. Page 380 – Illustration created by the authors in 2026 using ChatGPT, inspired by contemporary AI-generated infographics on the visualization of complex networks and cosmic systems.
359. Page 381 – Illustration created by the authors in 2026 using ChatGPT, inspired by Miscellaneous Fantasy: Drawing Idea. Microworld, by RatandaArt, Pinterest.

Lectures and scientific debates at Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University; Maqsut Narikbayev University; Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan; National Agency for Technological Development, Kazakhstan;  Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications; Almaty International Information Technology University; Kazakh-British Technical University; Kazakh National Academy of Arts; Al-Farabi Kazakh National University; National University of Singapore; Nanyang Technological University; Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Intellectual Property Intermediary (IPI Singapore); Management Development Institute of Singapore; Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan for Civil Service Affairs; Astana IT University; and Phranakhon Rajabhat University.

Special consultations at the United Nations Secretariat in New York (2018), the United Nations Information Office of the United Nations Department of Global Communications in Kazakhstan (2017–2025), and the Secretariat of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UN ESCAP) in Bangkok (2023–2026).

Bastau Software Platform code developed in collaboration with Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications, Almaty, Kazakhstan, and the Autonomous Cluster Fund “Park of Innovative Technologies” — Tech Garden, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 2017–2018. Madina Aliyarova, Muhammed Bakiev, Aset Userbayev, Danil Seregin, Anastasia Seregina, Olzhas Bolatov, and Amirkhan Isabekov.

Partnership in the further development and technological enhancement of the Bastau Software Platform under a License Agreement on the Transfer of Rights to Use Intellectual Property Results concluded with the Kazakh-British Technical University (KBTU), Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, 2025. Maratbek Gabdullin, Assel Akzhalova, and Farkhat Zhutanov.

Spatial Environment

Irrlicht Engine, Copyright © 2002-2010 Nikolaus Gebhardt. This software is provided ‘as-is’, without any express or implied warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages arising from the use of this software. Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:

1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be appreciated but is not required.
2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented as being the original software.
3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.

Software Environment: Microsoft Visual Studio, C++

Editorial tools: Microsoft Word, ChatGPT, Google Search, Google Translate, Reverso Context, CorelDRAW Graphics Suite, Adobe InDesign, Adobe Illustrator.

Extensive hands-on experience has been gained also through the use of Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Acrobat Pro, Adobe Premiere Pro, AutoCAD, Autodesk 3ds Max, TeamViewer, and WordPress.

The author is an advanced computer game player.

The work was also inspired by the technological developments introduced by telecommunications engineers at Cisco Systems, Inc., as well as by the methodologies and platforms developed by International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) and Meta Platforms, Inc.

Thanks to Gaukhar Ali-Aidarova.

Management: Ulan Zhakeev, Rustam Jalandinov, and Azamat Makhambetov.

Coordination: Tanais Jalgasbayeva.

Contributed by Ruslan Kalyshev, Ludmila Alexandrova, Valeriy Zhorov, Murat Ali-Aidarov, Victor Alexandrov, Chew Jian Chieh, Ersin Dalkali, Islam Rakhimzhanov, Ardak Amirzhanov, Nursultan Sikhanov, Vassiliy Smirnoff, Aynur Ryspekova, Alibek Rayimbekov, Anatoliy Ozheredov, Adilkhan Mussin, Vlastimil Samek, Yevgeniy Petrenko, Zhanna Yensebayeva, Nuray Urazov, Gulmira Shalabayeva, Danil Oleynik, Mikhail Namyatov, Ruslan Bultrikov, Aydar Karkenov, Ruslan Shamsuddinov, Marat Yerzhanov, Elena Vinokurova, Bagdat Rustemov, Beibut Bayandin, Olga Alexandrova, Olga Brikova, Andrey Voloh, Andrey Brikov, Vyacheslav Alexandrov, Dariga Alpieva, Adel Ali-Aidarova, Elina Alexandrova, Danel Voloh, David Ali-Aidarov, Reke, Raikhan Apa, Nadir Nadirov, Svetlana Filimonova, Santosh Kumar, Marat Zhetpisov, Alevtina Kalysheva, Maria Penzulaeva, Vadim Posashkov, Serik Abdraimov, Elzhas Aubakirov, Roman Balzhanov, Maulen Zhakmetbekov, Askhat Sizdikov, Dauren Mussin, Janibek Tokanov, Shalkar Moman, Alibek Alpiyev, Andrey Tyurushkin, Sudip Ranjan Basu.

Under the editorship of Arken Arystanov.

Art works

Cover design: Madina Bazarkhanova, Imagio Lege Artis E-Library
Bastau Methodology: Vitaliy Alexandrov
Monitoring Centre: Alexandra Kalacheva
East Kazakhstan expedition: World Discovery Kazakhstan E-Library, Grigoriy Yevseyev, Natalia Yevseyeva, and Vitaliy Alexandrov

Design and typesetting: Vitaliy Alexandrov

Image editing: User_cgi

Trainings and courses: Alissa Ali-Aidarova

Capital markets consulting: Baltabek Mukashev, Ritthikorn Siriprasertchok

With special appreciation to Tamara Macushla Munzner, University of British Columbia.

Prehistoric rock art, East Kazakhstan expedition 2004, Serik Ibraimov, Dmitriy Podlipayev, Oleg Maslennikov, Vitaliy Alexandrov.